Every modern computer has tools to encrypt data in order to make it impossible for anyone without a key. What is encryption and how does it work? This article provides the fundamentals of encryption and how it can be used to secure sensitive information from hackers.
In simplest terms, data encryption converts textual information into encrypted text that can only be deciphered only by authorized users with the correct password. It is an important component of cyber-security that provides the security of data as well as keeping confidential information from being accessed by unauthorised users.
A common form uses mathematical models that are cryptographic in order to convert the original information into a jumbled collection of characters (also known as ciphertext). Encryption algorithms «scrambles» individual bits of data randomly, to ensure that it takes an immense amount of computing power to determine the key and then convert back to plaintext.
For example, if you use the most common form of encryption referred to as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) on your digital files, every one of the ones and zeros that comprise it gets scrambled ten times to form a semi-random pattern. It will take computers a long time to rearrange all the numbers into the proper order without a key.
The encryption process can also be used to stop data leaks and ransomware. If hackers steal encrypted data, they can’t read it, and they will be not able to blackmail the company or any other individuals who are involved in the risk of releasing the stolen information to the dark web. The encryption also protects backup systems against hackers, as they are unable to access the data in its original format.